ECR-karaihe hurihuri tikahe momo rauemi whakapakari muka karāhe e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o ngā mata o te tāhū hau mō te umanga hiko hau. He mea hanga motuhake te muka karāhe ECR hei whakarato i ngā āhuatanga miihini whakarei ake, te pakari, me te ātete ki ngā āhuatanga taiao, he mea pai mō ngā tono hiko hau. Anei ētahi o ngā kōrero matua mō te haereere tika o te muka karāhe ECR mō te hiko hau:
Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini Whakapai Ake: Kua hangaia te muka karāhe ECR hei whakarato i ngā āhuatanga mīhini whakapai ake pērā i te kaha kume, te kaha piko, me te ātete pānga. He mea nui tēnei hei whakarite i te pumau o te hanganga me te roa o te ora o ngā mata o te tāpine hau, e pāngia ana e ngā kaha me ngā kawenga hau rerekē.
Te Pakari: Ka pāngia ngā mata o te tāpine hau e ngā āhuatanga taiao kino, tae atu ki te hihi UV, te makuku, me ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana. Kua hangaia te muka karāhe ECR hei tu atu ki ēnei āhuatanga me te pupuri i tōna mahi puta noa i te roanga o te oranga o te tāpine hau.
Ātete ki te Waikura:muka karāhe ECRhe ātete ki te waikura, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā mata o te tāpine hau kei ngā taiao takutai moana, makuku rānei, ka nui ai te āwangawanga mō te waikura.
Māmā: Ahakoa tōna kaha me tōna pakari, he māmā noa iho te muka karāhe ECR, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te taumaha katoa o ngā mata o te tāhū hau. He mea nui tēnei kia tutuki ai te mahi aerodynamic tino pai me te whakaputa pūngao.
Tukanga Hanga: Ko te hurihanga tika o te muka karāhe ECR e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga hanga mata. Ka takaihia ki runga i ngā pōro, ki ngā poro rānei, kātahi ka whāngaihia ki roto i ngā mīhini hanga mata, ka whakakiia ki te kapia, ka paparangahia hei hanga i te hanganga hiato o te mata.
Mana Whakahaere Kounga: Ko te hanga i te karāhe muka ECR e tika ana kia whakamahia ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga tino pakari hei whakarite i te ōritetanga me te ōritetanga o ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi. He mea nui tēnei kia tutuki ai te mahi a te mata.
Ngā Whakaaroaro Taiao:muka karāhe ECRKua hangaia kia hoa ki te taiao, he iti ngā tukunga, ā, he iti hoki te pānga ki te taiao i te wā e hangaia ana, e whakamahia ana hoki.
I roto i te wehewehenga utu o ngā rauemi mata o te tāhū hau, ko te muka karāhe te 28%. E rua ngā momo muka matua e whakamahia ana: te muka karāhe me te muka waro, ko te muka karāhe te kōwhiringa iti ake te utu, ā, ko te rauemi whakapakari e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā.
Neke atu i te 40 tau te roa o te whanaketanga tere o te mana hau o te ao, me te tīmatanga tōmuri engari he tere te tipu me te nui o te pūmanawa i roto i te motu. Ko te pūngao hau, e tohuhia ana e ana rauemi maha me te ngāwari ki te uru atu, he tirohanga whānui mō te whanaketanga. Ko te pūngao hau e pā ana ki te pūngao nekeneke e puta mai ana i te rere o te hau, ā, he rauemi ma kore utu, he rauemi ma e wātea ana i te nuinga o te wā. Nā te iti rawa o ngā tukunga o te huringa ora, kua piki haere te hiranga o te puna pūngao ma puta noa i te ao.
Ko te mātāpono o te whakaputa hiko hau ko te whakamahi i te kaha nekeneke o te hau hei akiaki i te hurihanga o ngā mata o te tāhū hau, ka huri ai te kaha hau hei mahi miihini. Mā tēnei mahi miihini ka akiaki i te hurihanga o te rotor o te whakaputa hiko, ka tapahia ngā raina aukume, ā, ka puta te iahiko hurihuri. Ka tukuna te hiko kua whakaputaina mā te whatunga kohikohinga ki te teihana hiko o te pāmu hau, ka whakanuia te ngaohiko ka whakauruhia ki te whatunga hiko hei whakakaha i ngā whare me ngā pakihi.
Ki te whakaritea ki te hiko wai me te hiko wera, he iti ake ngā utu tiaki me te whakahaere o ngā whare hiko hau, ā, he iti ake hoki te tapuwae taiao. Nā tēnei ka tino pai mō te whanaketanga nui me te hokohoko.
Neke atu i te 40 tau te whanaketanga o te mana hau puta noa i te ao, ā, i tīmata wawe i roto i te motu engari he tere te tipu me te nui o te wāhi hei whakawhānui. I ahu mai te mana hau i Denmark i te mutunga o te rautau 19, engari i tino arohia i muri i te raruraru hinu tuatahi i te tau 1973. I te aroaro o ngā āwangawanga mō te korenga o te hinu me te parahanga taiao e pā ana ki te whakaputa hiko e ahu mai ana i ngā wahie pūmua, i whakangaohia e ngā whenua whakawhanake o te Hauāuru he nui ngā rauemi tangata me ngā rauemi pūtea ki te rangahau me ngā tono mana hau, ā, i hua ake ai te tere o te whakawhānui ake o te kaha mana hau o te ao. I te tau 2015, mō te wā tuatahi, i nui ake te tipu ā-tau o te kaha hiko e ahu mai ana i ngā rauemi whakahou i ngā puna hiko tuku iho, e tohu ana i te huringa hanganga o ngā pūnaha mana o te ao.
I waenganui i te tau 1995 me te tau 2020, i eke te kaha o te hau hau o te ao ki te tere tipu ā-tau o te 18.34%, ā, i eke ki te kaha katoa o te 707.4 GW.
