Ko ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā motuka ko ngā kirihou, te rapa, ngā hiri piri, ngā rauemi waku, ngā papanga, te karāhe, me ētahi atu rauemi. Kei roto i ēnei rauemi ngā momo ahumahi pēnei i te hinu matū, te ahumahi māmā, ngā kakahu, me ngā rauemi hanga. Nō reira, ko te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa i roto i ngā motuka he whakaata i te mahi tahi.te kaha ōhanga me te kaha hangarau, ā, e kapi ana hoki i te whānuitanga o ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā āheinga tono i roto i ngā ahumahi e pā ana.
I tēnei wā, ko te muka karāhe te mea e whakamahia anaKo ngā rauemi hiato ā-ringa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā motuka ko ngā kirihou whakarewa muka karāhe (QFRTP), ngā kirihou whakarewa whāriki muka karāhe (GMT), ngā matū whakarewa rau (SMC), ngā rauemi whakarewa whakawhiti kapia (RTM), me ngā hua FRP i whakatakotoria-ā-ringa.
Ko te whakakaha muka karāhe matuaKo ngā kirihou rongonui e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā motuka i tēnei wā ko te polypropylene (PP) kua whakapakarihia ki te muka karāhe, te polyamide 66 (PA66) me te PA6 rānei kua whakapakarihia ki te muka karāhe, ā, he iti iho, ko ngā rauemi PBT me PPO.
He tino pakari, he pakari hoki ngā hua PP whakapakari (polypropylene), ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i ō rātou āhuatanga miihini i ngā wā maha, tae atu ki ngā wā maha. E whakamahia ana te PP whakapakari i ngā wāhi epērā i ngā taonga tari, hei tauira i roto i ngā tūru tuara teitei a ngā tamariki me ngā tūru tari; ka whakamahia hoki i roto i ngā pā hau me ngā pā hau i roto i ngā taputapu whakamatao pērā i ngā pouaka whakamātao me ngā hauhautanga.
Kua whakamahia kētia ngā rauemi PA whakapakari (polyamide) i roto i ngā waka pāhihi me ngā waka arumoni, ko te tikanga mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga iti e mahi ana. Hei tauira, ko ngā taupoki tiaki mō ngā tinana raka, ngā wēti inihua, ngā nati whakauru, ngā pētera whakatere, ngā kaitiaki nekehanga taputapu, me ngā kakau whakatuwhera. Mena he rauemi pumau te rauemi i whiriwhiria e te kaihanga wāhanga.te kounga, kāore i te tika te tukanga hanga, kāore rānei te rauemi i whakamaroketia tika, ka pakaru pea ngā wāhanga ngoikore o te hua.
Me te aunoaNā te pikinga ake o te hiahia o te umanga miihini mō ngā rauemi mama me te pai ki te taiao, kei te anga atu ngā umanga motuka o tāwāhi ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi GMT (glass mat thermoplastics) hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā wāhanga hanganga. Ko te take nui o tēnei ko te pakari o te GMT, te poto o te huringa hanga, te pai o te whakaputa, te iti o ngā utu tukatuka, me te kore e poke, ā, koia tētahi o ngā rauemi o te rautau 21. Ko te GMT te mea nui e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o ngā whāriki maha-mahi, ngā whāriki papaaho, ngā anga nohoanga, ngā pare miihini, me ngā whāriki pākahiko i roto i ngā waka pāhihi. Hei tauira, ko te Audi A6 me te A4 e hangaia ana e FAW-Volkswagen e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi GMT, engari kāore anō kia tae ki te whakaputanga ā-rohe.
Hei whakapai ake i te kounga whānui o ngā motuka kia eke ki ngā taumata matatau o te ao, kia tutuki ai hokiHei whakaiti i te taumaha, te whakaiti i te wiri, me te whakaiti i te haruru, kua whakahaerehia e ngā wāhanga o te kāinga he rangahau mō ngā tukanga whakaputa me te whakahāngai hua o ngā rauemi GMT. Kei a rātou te kaha ki te whakaputa papatipu o ngā rauemi GMT, ā, kua hangaia he raina whakaputa me te putanga ā-tau o te 3000 tana o ngā rauemi GMT i Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Kei te whakamahi hoki ngā kaihanga motuka o te kāinga i ngā rauemi GMT i roto i te hoahoa o ētahi tauira, ā, kua tīmata te whakamātautau whakaputa puranga.
Ko te matū whakakikorua rau (SMC) he kirihou whakawera whakakaha muka karāhe nui. Nā tōna mahi tino pai, tōna kaha whakaputa nui, me tōna kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā mata taumata-A, kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā motuka. I tēnei wā, ko te tono oKua tino ahu whakamua ngā rauemi SMC o tāwāhi i roto i te umanga motuka. Ko te whakamahinga nui o te SMC i roto i ngā motuka kei roto i ngā panera tinana, e 70% o te whakamahinga SMC. Ko te tipu tere rawa atu kei roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga me ngā wāhanga tuku. I roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te whakamahinga o te SMC i roto i ngā motuka mā te 22% ki te 71%, i te mea i roto i ētahi atu umanga, ka piki te tipu mā te 13% ki te 35%.
Tūnga Tonongā Auahatanga me ngā Auahatanga Whanaketanga
1. Kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o te rauemi whakarewa muka karāhe (SMC) he nui te ihirangi, i roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga motuka. I whakaaturia tuatahitia i roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga i runga i ngā tauira Ford e rua (E(xplorer me Ranger) i te tau 1995. Nā te maha o ngā mahi, e whakaarohia whānuitia ana he painga tōna i roto i te hoahoa hanganga, ā, nā reira i whānuitia ai tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā papaaho motuka, ngā pūnaha urungi, ngā pūnaha whakamahana, me ngā pūnaha taputapu hiko.
Ko ngā whāriki o runga me raro i hangaia e te kamupene Amerikana a Budd e whakamahi ana i tētahi rauemi hiato kei roto ko te 40% muka karāhe i roto i te polyester kore-mākū. Ka tutuki i tēnei hanganga pito mua e rua ngā wāhanga ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi, me te pito mua o te kāpini o raro e toro atu ana ki mua. Ko te papa o rungaKa mau te kete ki te tuanui o mua me te hanganga o te tinana o mua, ko te pūmau o raro ka mahi tahi me te pūnaha whakamatao. Ka hono tahi ēnei pūmau e rua, ā, ka mahi tahi me te tuanui me te hanganga o te tinana o te motuka hei whakau i te pito o mua.
2. Te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi Matū Whakarewa Rau iti-kiato (SMC): He taumaha motuhake tō te SMC iti-kiatoy o te 1.3, ā, kua whakaatuhia e ngā tono mahi me ngā whakamātautau he 30% te mama ake i te SMC paerewa, he 1.9 te taumaha motuhake. Mā te whakamahi i tēnei SMC iti-kiato ka taea te whakaiti i te taumaha o ngā wāhanga mā te 45% ki te whakataurite ki ngā wāhanga rite i hangaia ki te maitai. Ko ngā panera o roto katoa me ngā tuanui hou o te tauira Corvette '99 nā General Motors i te USA he mea hanga ki te SMC iti-kiato. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia hoki te SMC iti-kiato ki ngā tatau motuka, ki ngā taupoki miihini, me ngā taupoki pūtu.
3. Ko ētahi atu whakamahinga o te SMC i roto i ngā motuka, i tua atu i ngā whakamahinga hou i whakahuatia i mua ake nei, ko te hanga momoētahi atu wāhanga o Amerika. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā tatau o te kāpata, ngā tuanui pupuhi, ngā angaanga parepare, ngā tatau utanga, ngā ārai rā, ngā panera tinana, ngā paipa waikeri tuanui, ngā rīpene taha o te whare waka, me ngā pouaka taraka, ā, ko te whakamahinga nui rawa atu ko ngā panera tinana o waho. Mō te āhua o te whakamahinga ā-whare, me te whakaurunga o te hangarau hanga waka pāhihi ki Haina, i whakamahia tuatahitia te SMC i roto i ngā waka pāhihi, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā wāhanga potae tāpui me ngā angaanga parepare. I tēnei wā, e whakamahia ana hoki i roto i ngā waka arumoni mō ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā pereti taupoki rūma tautoko, ngā tāke whānui, ngā rawhi tere raina, ngā wehewehenga nui/iti, ngā huihuinga hipoki hau, me ētahi atu.
Rauemi Whakakotahi GFRPNgā Puna Rau Aunoa
Ko te tikanga Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) ko te pēhi i te kapia ki roto i tētahi pokepokea kua kati kei roto ngā muka karāhe, ā, muri iho ka whakamarokehia i te pāmahana rūma, i te wera rānei. Ki te whakatauritea ki te Sheet MoldMā te tikanga Pūhui (SMC), ka tukuna e te RTM ngā taputapu whakaputa māmā ake, ngā utu pokepokea iti iho, me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana pai rawa atu o ngā hua, engari he pai anake mō te whakaputa waenga me te iti. I tēnei wā, kua whakawhānuihia ngā wāhanga motuka i hangaia mā te tikanga RTM ki tāwāhi ki ngā uhi tinana katoa. He rerekē, i Haina i te kāinga, kei te wāhanga whanaketanga me te rangahau tonu te hangarau pokepokea RTM mō te hanga wāhanga motuka, e whai ana kia eke ki ngā taumata whakaputa o ngā hua o tāwāhi rite tonu e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga miihini o ngā rauemi mata, te wā whakamaroke, me ngā whakatakotoranga hua kua oti. Ko ngā wāhanga motuka i whakawhanakehia me te rangahauhia i te kāinga mā te whakamahi i te tikanga RTM ko ngā matapihi o mua, ngā kēti hiku o muri, ngā kaiwhakawhitiwhiti, ngā tuanui, ngā parepare, me ngā tatau hiki o muri mō ngā motuka Fukang.
Heoi, me pēhea te whakamahi tere ake, me te whai hua ake hoki i te tukanga RTM ki ngā motuka, ko te mea e hiahiatia anaKo ngā whakaritenga o ngā rauemi mō te hanganga hua, te taumata o te mahi rauemi, ngā paerewa aromatawai, me te whakatutukitanga o ngā mata tohu-A he take āwangawanga i roto i te umanga motuka. Koinei anō hoki ngā whakaritenga mō te whakamahinga whānui o te RTM i roto i te hanga wāhanga motuka.
He aha te FRP
Mai i te tirohanga a ngā kaihanga motuka, ko te FRP (Fold Reinforced Plastics) ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atuhe rauemi rerekē tino ataahua. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te SMC/BMC (Sheet Molding Compound/Bulk Molding Compound):
* Te penapena taumaha
* Whakaurunga wāhanga
* Ngāwari o te hoahoa
* He iti rawa te haumitanga
* Ka āwhina i te whakaurunga o ngā pūnaha pūihi
* Te pumau o ngā āhuatanga (te iti o te tauwehenga wera raina, he rite ki te maitai)
* Ka mau tonu te mahi ā-mīhini teitei i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei
Hototahi ki te paninga-E (peita hiko)
E mōhio ana ngā taraiwa taraka he mea nui tonu te ātete hau, e mōhiotia ana ko te tōia.he arai mō ngā taraka. Nā te whānui o te wāhanga o mua o ngā taraka, te anga teitei, me ngā wakatō tapawhā te āhua, ka tino pāngia rātou e te ātete hau.
Hei āraite ātete hau, e kore e kore ka piki ake te kawenga o te mīhini, ka tere ake te tere, ka nui ake te ātete. Ko te pikinga o te kawenga nā te ātete hau ka nui ake te whakapaunga wahie. Hei whakaiti i te ātete hau e pāngia ana e ngā taraka, ā, nō reira ka iti ake te whakapaunga wahie, kua whakapau kaha ngā kaihangarau. Haunga te tango i ngā hoahoa hauhautanga mō te kāpini, he maha ngā taputapu kua tāpirihia hei whakaiti i te ātete hau i runga i te anga me te taha muri o te wakatō. He aha ēnei taputapu i hangaia hei whakaiti i te ātete hau i runga i ngā taraka?
Ngā Ārai o te Tuanui/Taha
Ko te tuanui me ngā ārai taha he mea hanga hei ārai i te hau kei pā tika ki te pouaka utanga tapawhā, kia rere pai ai te nuinga o te hau ki runga, ki tahaki hoki o te wakatō, kaua ki te pā tika ki mua o te ara.er, ka nui te ātete. Mā ngā whakakākā kua kokihia, kua whakatikatikaina te teitei ka tino whakaiti i te ātete e puta mai ana i te tereira.
Ngā Remu Taha Motuka
Ko ngā taha taha o te waka he mea whakangawari i ngā taha o te anga, he mea hono pai ki te tinana o te waka. Ka hipokina e ēnei ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā tāke penehīni kei te taha me ngā tāke wahie, ka whakaiti i te horapa o mua o te waka e pāngia ana e te hau, ā, ka pai ake te rere o te hau me te kore e hanga i te pōrearea.
Pumpe iti-tūngar
Ka whakaitihia e te parepare e toro atu ana ki raro te hau e tomo ana ki raro i te waka, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te ātete e puta mai ana i te waku i waenga i te anga me tehau. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi parepare he kōhao ārahi, ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te ātete hau, engari ka tika hoki te rere o te hau ki ngā pahu pērai, ki ngā kōpae pērai rānei, ā, ka āwhina i te whakamatao o te pūnaha pērai o te waka.
Ngā Whakakā Taha o te Pouaka Utauta
Ka taupokina e ngā ārai i ngā taha o te pouaka utanga tētahi wāhanga o ngā wira, ā, ka whakaitihia te tawhiti i waenga i te wāhanga utanga me te whenua. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei hoahoa te hau e tomo mai ana i ngā taha i raro i te waka. Nā te mea ka taupokina e rātou tētahi wāhanga o ngā wira, ka whakakorengia ēnei.Ka whakaitihia hoki e ngā taputapu te aueue i puta mai i te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā potae me te hau.
Pūwhakakā Whakamuri
I hangaia hei whakararuraruMā ngā awhiowhio hau i muri, ka whakahaeretia te rere o te hau, ā, ka whakaitihia te tōia aerodynamic.
Nā, he aha ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā parepare me ngā taupoki o ngā taraka? Mai i taku i kohi ai, i roto i te mākete whakataetae nui, ko te muka karāhe (e mōhiotia ana ko te kirihou whakakaha karāhe, GRP rānei) te mea e paingia ana mō tōna mama, tōna kaha teitei, tōna ātete ki te waikura, me tōna kaha.te pono i roto i ētahi atu āhuatanga.
He rauemi hiato te muka karāhe e whakamahi ana i ngā muka karāhe me ōna hua (pēnei i te kakahu muka karāhe, te whāriki, te miro, me ētahi atu) hei whakakaha, me te kapia hangai hei rauemi matua.
Ngā Ārai/Taupoki muka karāhe
I tīmata a Ūropi ki te whakamahi i te muka karāhe i roto i ngā motuka i te tau 1955, me ngā whakamātautau i ngā tinana tauira STM-II. I te tau 1970, i whakamahia e Hapani te muka karāhe hei hanga uhi whakapaipai mō ngā wira motuka, ā, i te tau 1971 i hangaia e Suzuki ngā uhi miihini me ngā parepare mai i te muka karāhe. I ngā tau 1950, ka tīmata te UK ki te whakamahi i te muka karāhe, hei whakakapi i ngā kāpata maitai-rakau o mua, pērā i ērā i roto i te Ford S21 me ngā waka wira-toru, i kawea mai ai he momo hou, kāore i te tino pakari ki ngā waka o taua wā.
I Haina, ko ētahiHe nui ngā mahi a ngā kaihanga ki te whakawhanake i ngā tinana waka muka karāhe. Hei tauira, i angitu te whakawhanake a FAW i ngā taupoki miihini muka karāhe me ngā kāpata ihu-papatahi, tihi-hurihuri i te tīmatanga. I tēnei wā, he whānui te whakamahinga o ngā hua muka karāhe i roto i ngā taraka waenga me te taumaha i Haina, tae atu ki ngā miihini ihu-roa.ngā taupoki, ngā parepare, ngā taupoki o mua, ngā taupoki tuanui o te kāpata, ngā taha taha, me ngā ārai. He tauira tēnei nō tētahi kaihanga ā-rohe rongonui o ngā ārai, ko Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd.. Ahakoa ētahi o ngā kāpata moe nui papai i roto i ngā taraka ihu roa o Amerika e rongonuihia ana, he mea hanga ki te muka karāhe.
Mama, kaha, waikura-ātete, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā waka
Nā te iti o te utu, te poto o te huringa whakaputa, me te kaha o te ngāwari o te hoahoa, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi muka karāhe i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te hanga taraka. Hei tauira, i ētahi tau kua pahure ake nei, he hoha, he pakari hoki te hoahoa o ngā taraka ā-rohe, ā, he onge te āhua o waho kua whakaritea. Nā te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā huarahi ā-rohe, eNā te uaua o te hanga āhua motuhake o te kāpini mai i te maitai katoa, te utu nui o te hoahoa pokepokea ai, me ngā take pēnei i te waikura me ngā turuturu i roto i ngā hanganga whakarewa maha-panel, he maha ngā kaihanga i whiriwhiri i te muka karāhe mō ngā taupoki tuanui kāpini.
I tēnei wā, he maha ngā taraka e whakamahi ana i te fiHe rauemi karāhe mō ngā uhi o mua me ngā parepare.
Ko te muka karāhe te mea e kitea ai tōna mama me tōna kaha nui, me te mātotoru i waenga i te 1.5 me te 2.0. He hauwhā ki te haurima noa iho tēnei o te mātotoru o te maitai waro, ā, he iti iho i te konumohe. Ki te whakatauritea ki te maitai 08F, he 2.5mm te matotoru o te muka karāheHe rite te kaha ki te maitai matotoru 1mm. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te hoahoa ngāwari i te muka karāhe kia rite ki ngā hiahia, e tuku ana i te tino pai me te tino pai o te hanga. Ka taea te whiriwhiri ngāwari i ngā tukanga hanga i runga i te āhua, te kaupapa, me te rahinga o te hua. He māmā te tukanga hanga, he maha ngā wā kotahi noa te taahiraa e hiahiatia ana, ā, he pai te ātete o te rauemi ki te waikura. Ka taea e ia te ātete ki ngā āhuatanga o te hau, te wai, me ngā kukū noa o ngā waikawa, ngā kawa, me ngā tote. Nō reira, he maha ngā taraka e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi muka karāhe mō ngā parepare o mua, ngā uhi o mua, ngā taha taha, me ngā ārai.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-02-2024
